นี่ๆๆๆๆๆๆๆ......เราเอาเรื่องตลกมาให้เพื่อนๆอ่านเล่นเห็นว่ามันตลกดี+............+
ชื่อเรื่อง...เหตุผมที่ไม่อยากไปเยี่ยมเพื่อนบ้านคนรวย
(ฉาก : ห้องรับแขกโซฟาหนังแท้เครื่องเรือนเป็นประกายแสบตา)
(ตัวละคร : ป๋ม กับเพื่อนเศรษฐี)
เพื่อน : นายจะดื่มอะไร น้ำผลไม้ โซดา ชา โกโก้ ช็อคโกแลตหรือกาแฟ?
ป๋ม : ขอชาแล้วกัน
เพื่อน : เอาซีลอน หรือชาสมุนไพร หรือเอาบุช ผสมน้ำผึ้งดีมั้ยหรือเอาชาเย็น หรือชาเขียว
ป๋ม : เอาซีลอน
เพื่อน : เอาแบบไหนเหรอ ใส่นมหรือไม่ใส่
ป๋ม : ใส่นมด้วยแล้วกัน เ
พื่อน : เอานมแพะ นมอูฐ หรือนมวัว
ป๋ม : นมวัวดีกว่า
เพื่อน : เอานมจากวัวฟรีซแลนด์หรือวัวแอฟริกาเน่?
ป๋ม : เอ่อ... ไม่ต้องใส่นมก็ได้
เพื่อน : อยากได้หวานแบบไหนล่ะ ใส่น้ำตาลหรือว่าน้ำผึ้ง?
ป๋ม : น้ำตาลดีกว่า
เพื่อน : น้ำตาลบีทหรือน้ำตาลอ้อย?
ป๋ม : น้ำตาลอ้อย
เพื่อน : เอาแบบขาว หรือแดง หรือว่าเหลือง?
ป๋ม : ... นายลืมเรื่องชานี่ซะเถอะ ขอน้ำสักแก้วก็พอว่ะ
เพื่อน : จะเอาน้ำแร่หรือน้ำกลั่น?
ป๋ม : น้ำแร่
เพื่อน : เอาแต่งรสด้วยมั้ย? หรือว่าไม่?
ป๋ม : หิวน้ำจะตายอยู่แล้วโว้ย !!!
เพื่อน : ???? (ก็แค่ถาม)
เพื่อน:แล้วจะใส่แก้วทรงไหนดีล่ะ แก้วใส ขุ่น / ทรงยุโรปทรงไทย หรือ ทรงแขกดี
ป๋ม:เอ่อ...ที่มัน ใส่น้ำแล้วไม่รั่วก็ได้นะจะดีมากถ้ามีน้ำแข็งด้วย
เพื่อน:อ่า เอาน้ำแข็งแบบไหนดี ทุบละเอียดหรือก้อนกลม(ยูนิค)
ป๋ม:กลมๆละกัน
เพื่อน:เอาแบบใหญ่ๆ หรือ เล็กๆดีล่ะ
ป๋ม:เอาว่าใส่น้ำแล้วมันเย็นอ่ะ
เพื่อน:จานรองแก้วล่ะ เอาเป็นไม้ หรือ สแตนเลสดี
ป๋ม:สแตนเลสเนอะ
เพื่อน:กลมๆ หรือ สี่เหลี่ยม
ป๋ม:เดี๋ยวกูไปแดกน้ำที่บ้าน เดี๋ยวมา (อยากจะชกซัก 1ที)
เพื่อน:............ผิดอารายอ่า......
วันอังคารที่ 29 มกราคม พ.ศ. 2551
Mode punk
La mode punk est, à ses débuts, l'allure vestimentaire et l'apparence physique que se donnent au milieu des années 1970 certains groupes de musique américains. Ils se distinguent alors fortement de tout ce qui se faisait à l'époque ; ils seront copiés par des groupes anglais dont les Sex Pistols qui populariseront cette allure. Ce nouveau genre, issu de la rue et de la misère, sera par la suite baptisé « punk » ; sa recherche d'excentricité et de provocation en feront un singulier phénomène de mode qui, depuis, influence régulièrement les créateurs modernes.
L'apparence vestimentaire est utilisée comme signe d'appartenance à une même communauté d'idéologie, de comportements et de goûts. Les codes qui la déterminent sont en évolution constante et se redéfinissent à mesure qu'ils sont dévoilés au grand public, popularisés par les médias et repris par la mode. L'apprentissage de ces codes est de l'ordre de l'initiation où maîtrise de sa propre image et définition de l'identité personnelle vont de pair.
L'esthétique punk est généralement jugée comme sans concession et agressive. Elle véhicule à la fois les valeurs de liberté des années 1950, l'autodestruction propre au poète maudit, le tranchant des mods des années 1960 et le refus du système en place. Puisant ses influences dans plusieurs références ou époques, elle fait largement appel au mélange de genres ainsi que l'illustre bien la première prestation des Sex Pistols où John Lydon, le chanteur, portait son célèbre tee-shirt « I hate Pink Floyd » avec un pantalon type « baggy » et des bretelles ; Steve Jones, le guitariste, ressemblait à Pete Townshend (guitariste de The Who) ; Paul Cook, le batteur, à Rod Stewart en mods et Glen Matlock, le bassiste, portait un pantalon avec des tâches de peinture et un haut de femme en cuir rose.
L'apparence vestimentaire est utilisée comme signe d'appartenance à une même communauté d'idéologie, de comportements et de goûts. Les codes qui la déterminent sont en évolution constante et se redéfinissent à mesure qu'ils sont dévoilés au grand public, popularisés par les médias et repris par la mode. L'apprentissage de ces codes est de l'ordre de l'initiation où maîtrise de sa propre image et définition de l'identité personnelle vont de pair.
L'esthétique punk est généralement jugée comme sans concession et agressive. Elle véhicule à la fois les valeurs de liberté des années 1950, l'autodestruction propre au poète maudit, le tranchant des mods des années 1960 et le refus du système en place. Puisant ses influences dans plusieurs références ou époques, elle fait largement appel au mélange de genres ainsi que l'illustre bien la première prestation des Sex Pistols où John Lydon, le chanteur, portait son célèbre tee-shirt « I hate Pink Floyd » avec un pantalon type « baggy » et des bretelles ; Steve Jones, le guitariste, ressemblait à Pete Townshend (guitariste de The Who) ; Paul Cook, le batteur, à Rod Stewart en mods et Glen Matlock, le bassiste, portait un pantalon avec des tâches de peinture et un haut de femme en cuir rose.
วันพุธที่ 16 มกราคม พ.ศ. 2551
...APPLE..
Apple
This article is about the fruit. For the electronics corporation, see Apple Inc. For other uses, see Apple (disambiguation).
Apple
Blossoms, fruits, and leaves of the apple tree (Malus domestica)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
Division:
Magnoliophyta
Class:
Magnoliopsida
Order:
Rosales
Family:
Rosaceae
Subfamily:
Maloideae
Genus:
Malus
Species:
M. domestica
Binomial name
Malus domesticaBorkh.
Wild Malus sieversii apple in Kazakhstan
Apple cut horizontally, showing seeds
The apple is the pomaceous fruit of the apple tree, species Malus domestica in the rose family Rosaceae. It is one of the most widely cultivated tree fruits. The tree is small and deciduous, reaching 5-12 m tall, with a broad, often densely twiggy crown.
The leaves are alternately arranged simple ovals 5-12 cm long and 3-6 cm broad on a 2-5 cm petiole with an acute tip, serrated margin and a slightly downy underside. Flowers are produced in spring simultaneous with the budding of the leaves.
The flowers are white with a pink tinge that gradually fades, five petaled, 2.5-3.5 cm in diameter. The fruit matures in autumn, and is typically 5-9 cm diameter. The centre of the fruit contains five carpels arranged in a five-point star, each carpel containing one to three seeds.
This article is about the fruit. For the electronics corporation, see Apple Inc. For other uses, see Apple (disambiguation).
Apple
Blossoms, fruits, and leaves of the apple tree (Malus domestica)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
Division:
Magnoliophyta
Class:
Magnoliopsida
Order:
Rosales
Family:
Rosaceae
Subfamily:
Maloideae
Genus:
Malus
Species:
M. domestica
Binomial name
Malus domesticaBorkh.
Wild Malus sieversii apple in Kazakhstan
Apple cut horizontally, showing seeds
The apple is the pomaceous fruit of the apple tree, species Malus domestica in the rose family Rosaceae. It is one of the most widely cultivated tree fruits. The tree is small and deciduous, reaching 5-12 m tall, with a broad, often densely twiggy crown.
The leaves are alternately arranged simple ovals 5-12 cm long and 3-6 cm broad on a 2-5 cm petiole with an acute tip, serrated margin and a slightly downy underside. Flowers are produced in spring simultaneous with the budding of the leaves.
The flowers are white with a pink tinge that gradually fades, five petaled, 2.5-3.5 cm in diameter. The fruit matures in autumn, and is typically 5-9 cm diameter. The centre of the fruit contains five carpels arranged in a five-point star, each carpel containing one to three seeds.
วันอาทิตย์ที่ 2 ธันวาคม พ.ศ. 2550
ใบไม้ร่วง
ใบไม้ต่างก้อมีหลากสีสันพร้อมรอวันเติบโตและโรยราแต่ทุกวันเมื่อใบไม้กระทบแสงแดดก็จะเริ่มเกิดเงาและเห็นสีที่แตกต่างไปจากเดิม
เพียงเวลาแห่งการเปลี่ยนแปลงที่ไม่นานเท่านั้น
ชีวิตคนเราทุกวันนี้ก็ไม่ต่างอะไรจากสีของใบไม้แต่ละใบที่ย่อมแปรผันไปตามกาลเวลา
ฉะนั้นถ้าเรามัวแต่นั่งรอเวลาที่จะทำอะไรบ้างอย่างอยู่แล้วไม่ลงมือทำสีของใบไม้ก้อจะเริ่มเปลี่ยนสี
และบางทีอาจโรยราจนบางทีใบจะร่วงหมดต้นก่อน
ต้นไม้แห่งความฝันก้อจะสลายไปโดยไม่รู้ตัว
แต่ไม่นานมันก้อจะผลัดใบใหม่ขึ้นมาแทน
แล้วฝันอาจผลิดอกออกผลขึ้นมาใหม่แต่คงต้องรอสิ่งเดียวเท่านั้น
คือ…………………..เวลา
ที่ไม่มีใครรู้เลยว่า…………………………………………..เมื่อไร
เครื่องดนตรีที่เห็นเรียกว่า ซิสตรัม(sistrum) จัดเป็นเครื่องดนตรีประเภทเครื่องเคาะ เมื่อเขย่าแล้วจะมีเสียง ตามปกติที่ด้ามจับจะแกะสลักเป็นรูปหน้าเทวีฮาธอร์-เทพนารีแห่งการดนตรี แต่บางครั้งซิสตรัมก็ใช้ในการประกอบพิธีบวงสรวงเทพองค์อื่นๆด้วย ดังที่เห็นว่าด้ามจับซิสตรัมอันนั้นอกะเป็นรูปเทวีบาส-เทวนารีแห่งงานฉลองเมื่อปลายราชวงศ์ที่18 แห่งราชอาณาจักรใหม่(New Kingdom) ฟาโรห์พระนามอัค-เอน-อาเตน(Akh-en-Aten พระบิดาของฟาโรห์ ทุต-อังค์-อามุน)ปฏิรูปศาสนาขึ้นใหม่ โดยมีพระราชองค์การให้ประชาชนเลิกนับถือเทพเจ้าหลายพระองค์ และให้หันมาบูชาสุริยะเทพอาเตนเพียงพระองค์เดียว ทั้งย้งให้ย้ายเมืองหลวงจากธีบส์(เมืองของสุริยะเทพอามัน-รา) มายังเมืองอามานา เครื่องดนตรีซิสตรัมก็ถูกเปลี่ยนให้ใช้ในพิธีบวงสรวงสุริยะเทพอาเตนด้วยดังมีจารึกไว้ตามนี้.....พระชายาแห่งจอมราชย์,อันเป็นที่รักยิ่ง,ทรงเฉิดฉายแล้วด้วยพระสิริโฉม พระนางเธอทรงขับกล่อมสุริยะเทพอาเตนด้วยพระสุรเสียงวาบหวาม พระหัตถ์งามทั้งสองทรงเครื่องดนตรีซิสตรัม อ้า....เนเฟอร์-เนเฟอรู-อาเตน เนเฟอร์-เต-เต,เจ้าเหนือหัวแห่งสองปถพี(หมายถึงอีบิปต์บนและล่าง),จักทรงพระชนม์ชีพชั่วนิจนิรันดร์แปลแบบถอดความเองจากข้อความข้างล่างครับ ผิดพลาดประการใดขออภัยด้วย...... the Great King's Wife, his beloved, abounding in her beauty; her who sends the Aton to rest with sweet voice, and with her two beautiful hands, bearing two sistrums, the mistress of the Two Lands, Nefernefruaton-Nofretete, living forever and ever. From the tomb inscriptions of AyJames Henry Breasted Ancient Records of Egypt, Part Two, § 995 หมายเหตุ :1. เนเฟอร์-เนเฟอรู-อาเตน เนเฟอร์-เต-เต หรือที่รู้จักกันดีในพระนาม เนเฟอร์ติติ เป็นผู้หญิงที่เชื่อกันว่าสวยที่สุดในประวัติศาสตร์อียิปต์โบราณ อีกทั้งยังเป็นที่ถกเถียงกันว่าพระนางอาจจะเป็นองค์เดียวกับสเมนกาเร ฟาโรห์ผู้ขึ้นครองราชย์ต่อจากฟาโรห์อัค-เอน-อาเตน
2. อัย(Ay) เจ้าของจารึกข้างบน เป็นขุนพลและนักบวชในราชสำนักฟาโรห์อัค-เอน-อาเตน บางตำราก็ว่าอัยอาจจะเป็นพ่อของเนเฟอร์ติติอีกด้วย อย่างไรก็ตามหลังจากที่ฟาโรห์ทุต-อังค์-อามุนสิ้นพระชนม์แล้ว อัยก็ขึ้นครองราชย์เป็นฟาโรห์องค์ถัดมา
วันศุกร์ที่ 9 พฤศจิกายน พ.ศ. 2550
Snoopy
Snoopy is a fictional character in the long-running comic strip Peanuts, by Charles M. Schulz. He is Charlie Brown's pet beagle. Snoopy began his life in the strip as a fairly ordinary dog, but eventually evolved into perhaps the strip's most dynamic character—and among the most recognizable comic characters in the world. The original drawings of Snoopy were based on Schulz's childhood dogs, Snooky and Spike.[1] Animation producer Bill Melendez voiced both Snoopy and (eventually) Woodstock in numerous television specials from 1965 to 2006.
Contents[hide]
1 Character
2 Developments
3 Puppyhood and siblings
4 Other relationships
5 Doghouse
6 Snoopy and aviation
7 References
8 External links
//
[edit] Character
Snoopy first made his appearance on the strip on October 4, 1950, two days after the strip premiered, and was identified by name on November 10. Schulz was originally going to call him "Sniffy" (as described in 25th anniversary book, Peanuts Jubilee, (pg. 20)), until he discovered that name was used in a different comic strip. Snoopy was a silent character for the first two years of his existence, but on May 27, 1952 he verbalized his thoughts to readers for the first time via a thought balloon; Schulz would utilize this device for nearly all of the character's appearances in the strip thereafter. In addition to Snoopy's ability to "speak" his thoughts to the reader, many of the human characters in Peanuts have the uncanny knack of reading his thoughts and responding to them. In the animated Peanuts films and television specials, Snoopy's thoughts are not verbalized; his moods are instead conveyed through growls, sobs, laughter, etc., as well as through pantomime. The only exceptions are in You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown and Snoopy!!! The Musical, in which Snoopy's thoughts are verbalized through voiceovers (by Robert Towers and Cam Clarke, respectively).
October 4, 1950 - Snoopy's first appearance.
Curiously, the first time a beagle was mentioned in the strip (on December 5, 1960), Snoopy denied being one. As Snoopy dozed, Charlie Brown paraphrased Gertrude Stein: "Beagles on the grass, alas." To this, Snoopy replied, "I ain't no stupid beagle."
Many of Peanuts' memorable moments come in Snoopy's daydream as a writer: his eternal opener on the typewriter "It was a dark and stormy night..." is taken from Edward George Bulwer-Lytton's 1830 novel Paul Clifford. The contrast between Snoopy's existence in a dream world and Charlie Brown's in the real world is central to the humour and philosophy of Peanuts (see e.g. Peanuts book title Life's a dream, Charlie Brown).
Schulz summed up Snoopy's character in a 1997 interview: "He has to retreat into his fanciful world in order to survive. Otherwise, he leads kind of a dull, miserable life. I don't envy dogs the lives they have to live."[2]
[edit] Developments
One of the first odd developments of Snoopy was his tendency to engage in impersonations. His earliest impersonation was of a bird on August 9, 1951. Later (starting November 17, 1955), Snoopy engaged in dead-on imitations of Violet, a pelican, Lucy, a moose, Beethoven and Mickey Mouse. He would also pretend to be various other animals, including a snake, rhinoceros, and vulture. But his eccentricities did not stop there. On January 5, 1956, Snoopy walked on two legs like a human for the first time. This soon became so commonplace as to be almost unnoticeable, as Snoopy developed a variety of Walter Mitty-esque alter egos. Snoopy's transformation to walking to 2 feet also was accompanied by his larger snout and great body length.
Possibly his most famous alter-ego is as the World War I Flying Ace, often seen battling his arch-enemy, the Red Baron. For this, he would climb to the top of his doghouse, don goggles and a scarf, and thus fly his Sopwith Camel (the type of plane flown by Arthur "Roy" Brown, who was credited with shooting down the Red Baron in World War I, and whose surname matches that of Snoopy's owner). The Red Baron, like other adult figures in Peanuts, was never drawn in a strip; his presence was indicated through the bullet holes that would riddle the doghouse in a dogfight, and Snoopy's angry outbursts in response: "Curse you, Red Baron!" (usually accompanied by fist-shaking and a salute while his "Sopwith Camel" doghouse plummets to earth trailing smoke). In I Want a Dog for Christmas, Charlie Brown Charlie Brown's sister Sally Brown jumps on the doghouse and flies with Snoopy.
Joe Cool as depicted at the Universal Studios in Osaka, Japan
Snoopy also became "Joe Cool", as he put on sunglasses and leaned against the wall doing nothing. A song called Joe Cool was sung by Vince Guaraldi. He has also been a famous writer (who was actually published once, in an October 1995 storyline, in which one copy of his unnamed novel was written, but it failed to sell), an attorney (who once defended Peter Rabbit), a hockey player, an Olympic figure skater (who used to skate with Sonja Henie before he became "big time"), a world famous grocery checkout clerk who operated from the top of his dog house in an apron, the "Lone Beagle" (the first dog to fly solo across the Atlantic), a much rejected story writer and even the first astronaut to land on the moon. In "It's Flashbeagle, Charlie Brown", Snoopy becomes a Flash dancer named "Flashbeagle".
Outside of his fantasy life he is the shortstop for Charlie Brown's Little League team (and the best player, nearly passing Babe Ruth on the career home run list). Snoopy is also a "Beagle Scout", the Peanuts version of Eagle Scout and is the Scout leader for a troop comprised of Woodstock and his other bird friends. This Scouting theme reappears throughout the comic strip.
Snoopy loves root beer and cookies, hates coconut candy, gets claustrophobia in tall weeds, and is deathly afraid of icicles dangling over his doghouse. One of his hobbies is reading Leo Tolstoy's epic novel War and Peace at the rate of "a word a day". Snoopy also has the uncanny ability to play fetch with soap bubbles, and can hear someone eating marshmallows or cookies at a distance, or even peeling a banana. Snoopy is also capable of disappearing, like the Cheshire Cat from Alice in Wonderland, as shown in an extended strip, whenever Charlie Brown reads the book to him. ("Grins are easy. Noses are hard. Ears are almost impossible.")
He can also use his ears to fly about as a "whirlydog". Snoopy even became a canine helicopter, with Woodstock piloting. This gag appeared in the strip several times, most famously rescuing Linus from the top of a barn after being commissioned by Sally. When asked by Linus where he learned to pilot, Woodstock replied in his usual apostrophes, which Linus interpreted as meaning "'Nam".
Snoopy "understands a little French." His dog food brand is called "For Dogs who flew in World War I and understand a little French." He later was also depicted as a sergeant in the French Foreign Legion, with Woodstock and his avian friends as members of his patrol. He failed his high school geometry course, which was his excuse for not being able to follow a golf course's 90 degree golf cart driving rule.
Snoopy has his own little dance, variously known as The Beagle, the Suppertime Dance, or simply the Snoopy Dance. Most often he dances at suppertime and has broken his foot from being too excited. One strip includes a joke that he has forgotten the steps.
At least twice Snoopy climbed trees -- once to rescue Schroeder's piano and once after Frieda's cat Faron. Both times he fell out of the tree.
Every Veterans Day, Snoopy dresses as an army veteran and goes to army cartoonist Bill Mauldin's house to "quaff root beer and tell war stories".[3]
Snoopy wears contacts, as explained in a strip where he lost them.[4]
[edit] Puppyhood and siblings
Main article: Snoopy's siblings
Over the course of the strip's run, it was revealed that Snoopy had been born and raised at the Daisy Hill Puppy Farm. His father used to run with hunting dogs, but would secretly run ahead and warn the rabbits. His mother is famous for her tapioca pudding, and in a 1990s Peanuts strip, came over on a WWI-era troopship to visit Snoopy and Spike, who had been ill with the flu. Out of all his siblings, Snoopy's brother Olaf was sold last. Before they were sold, Snoopy and his brothers and sister made a band and one by one each was sold. Snoopy's original owner was a little girl named Lila, who had to return him to Daisy Hill after her family moved to an apartment where dogs were forbidden. In the film Snoopy's Reunion, Snoopy and his siblings get together at Daisy Hill Puppy Farm for a picnic, but sadly find out that it was demolished for a parking garage.
Shortly after his return to the farm, Snoopy was selected by Charlie Brown's parents as a companion for him. At one point in the series, Charlie Brown said that his parents bought Snoopy for him to cheer him up after another child threw sand in his face while they were playing in a sandbox. In the late 1970s, Snoopy embarked upon a journey to visit Daisy Hill, only to find that the puppy farm had been replaced by a five-story parking garage, causing Snoopy to wail, "You stupid people! You're parking on my memories!"
Snoopy is usually depicted as having seven siblings, five of whom appear at some point in the strip: Andy, Belle, Marbles, Olaf, and Spike. Most often seen is Spike, who lives in the desert (near the real-life locale of Needles, California) and is friends with saguaro cacti. Spike is very thin, wears a fedora and has long whiskers.
Andy looks like a disheveled version of Snoopy. Olaf, who wears a fur cap, is round in both body and face. Marbles is the smartest in the group. He has spots on his fur, wears shoes, and considers some of Snoopy's behavior very odd. Belle, who looks like Snoopy with long eyelashes, is most notable in that there was a Belle stuffed animal available for many years. Although Snoopy often mentions that he was one of eight puppies, the two other siblings never appeared in the comic strip. According to the animated special Snoopy's Reunion, they are named Molly and Rover. They all play in a country band in that special, with Snoopy on the acoustic guitar.
Many years before his siblings appeared, Snoopy referred to himself as an "only dog" who had no brothers or sisters.
[edit] Other relationships
Snoopy's owner is Charlie Brown. Early in the strip, he appeared to be a stray dog whom Charlie Brown and his friends had adopted —- or vice versa —- but eventually it became clear that he was Charlie Brown's dog. Snoopy has a fairly indifferent relationship with Charlie Brown. Charlie Brown's tormentor Lucy once demanded to know when he would be taking Snoopy to obedience classes; Snoopy wondered what would be the point, since Charlie Brown already did everything that Snoopy wanted. Snoopy almost never remembers his owner's name, usually referring to him as "that round-headed kid". Though rarely conveyed, it is clear that Snoopy does actually love Charlie Brown, or at the very least acknowledge that he is completely dependent on the boy, and in precious occasions show him genuine affection, particularly if they reunite after long partings.
His relationship with the other human characters is no more cordial than with Charlie Brown. Snoopy's deft and droll throwaway lines are an effective foil to Lucy's barbed remarks, making him less put-upon than the besieged Charlie Brown or the slightly hapless Linus. He often torments Linus by grabbing one end of the blanket, twirling Linus around and letting him go flying. On March 2, 1958, he declared himself the first dog to launch a human being. When Linus began to wear eyeglasses, Snoopy would abscond with them.
Snoopy's best friend and confidante is the undersized yellow bird Woodstock, who only "speaks" in apostrophe marks.
His arch-enemy (other than the Red Baron) is the unseen, vicious cat next door, aptly named "World War II". During one series of daily strips, Snoopy antagonized the cat each day, and the cat's paw made one giant slash move that, day by day, decimated Snoopy's freshly-rebuilt doghouse to a greater extent than the day before. In fact Snoopy reviled all cats generally, once remarking that they were "the crab grass on the lawn of life" and taking umbrage at the expression "cats and dogs", insisting that the proper expression was always "dogs and cats". Before "World War II" there was Frieda's cat "Faron" who appeared in a few strips with Snoopy. (One time to Snoopy's embarrassment he found himself "babysitting" "Faron"!)
For a while in 1977, Snoopy was engaged to an unseen female dog he met while on guard duty at Peppermint Patty's house. However, she ran off with his best man and brother Spike before the wedding had started, then eventually leaving Spike and running off with a coyote. (This story was later adapted as the animated special Snoopy's Getting Married, Charlie Brown, albeit his bride-to-be ran off with a golden retriever in the special.)
He had also been engaged to another unseen dog, a "cute little girl-beagle", who Snoopy met at an ice skating rink. In this case, Snoopy nearly got married, and even said he would hire his wife a French Poodle maid, but the girl beagle's father forbade it, saying he could never allow his daughter to marry an obedience school dropout. Snoopy was heartbroken, and tried to forget his love by eating, but for the first time, food failed him. He later saw her out surfing on the beach. Trying to impress her, he wiped out while trying to surf. Charlie Brown later told him that the last he saw her, she was running with a Golden Retriever on the beach. [5]
And, in 1971, while getting caught in the middle of a riot at the Daisy Hill Puppy Farm while making a patriotic speech, Snoopy met another unseen female dog "with soft paws", but, again, heartbreak was inevitable for Snoopy, as Charlie Brown broke the news to him that a love letter he'd sent her never got to her; she'd been sold away and therefore was no longer at the Daisy Hill Puppy Farm. Snoopy was devastated: "What do you do when the girl you love more than anything else is taken away from you and you know you're never going to see her again for as long as you live?? What do you do??" Snoopy immediately answers himself: "Back to eating!"
He is the mascot of MetLife since its name change in the 1980s. He is also featured in logos for Cedar Point and Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom, both amusement parks owned by Cedar Fair Entertainment Company.
[edit] Doghouse
On December 12, 1958, Snoopy slept on top of his doghouse, rather than inside it, for the first time. Many readers wonder what prevents Snoopy from falling off the pointy top of his dog house. One strip ascribed it to his ears, which "lock" him to the top, similar to a bird's ability to remain on a branch after falling asleep. Thereafter, Snoopy was seldom seen to venture inside the doghouse, except to retrieve something, instead spending the bulk of his time sitting or lying on its pitched roof.
Despite Snoopy's tendency to stay outside in all weather (in some cases even allowing snow to accumulate on his supine body, and wearing a snorkel when it rains, which even Charlie Brown doesn't know), a running gag establishes that the interior of Snoopy's doghouse was something extraordinary. It defied physics, being dramatically larger on the inside than the outside, with a carpeted foyer, a den, a library, a guest room, a stairway and a basement. The first indication of the doghouse's unique layout occurred on January 31, 1954 when Charlie Brown was puzzled to see all his neighbourhood friends crawling into it for a visit. The doghouse was destroyed several times over the years, being hit by a tree due to a chase over Linus' blanket (July 26, 1959), crushed by a large icicle (February 13, 1960), and finally burned to the ground (September 19, 1966). In each case the doghouse was soon rebuilt. Although individual items were lost in the fire, each replacement doghouse appears to have retained the spaciousness and opulence of its predecessor.
The interior was decorated with several pricey acquisitions including a painting by Van Gogh, first mentioned on February 29, 1964. After the fire destroyed the Van Gogh, it was replaced by an Andrew Wyeth. At various times the interior of Snoopy's doghouse also held bunk beds, a pool table, a ping pong table, a television, a mural (painted by Linus), a shower, a cedar closet, a grandfather clock, and a jacuzzi.[3]
Features established in the television specials include a fine kitchen (A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving), and sound equipment (A Boy Named Charlie Brown). In It's Magic, Charlie Brown, Snoopy enters his dog house and the underground interior is depicted as spacious and well equipped for anything he needs.
The doghouse is also used a prop for Snoopy many times, often imagined as a World War I "Sopwith Camel" fighting plane, in which Snoopy uses to do battle with the Red Baron. During his 'aerial' fights with the Baron, Snoopy's house often suffers from bullet holes and occasionally crashes. However, this seems to solely take place in Snoopy's imagination, as the house is in perfect shape later.
[edit] Snoopy and aviation
Insignia for US Air Force 3C2X1 Tech Control
Following the disastrous Apollo I fire, Snoopy became the official mascot of aerospace safety, testing and the rebuilding of the Apollo Program, due to his refusal to accept defeat and his "'outside the doghouse' way of looking at things." A series of Snoopy-in-Space ("Astrobeagle") products arrived with this campaign, and originals are still prized.
The Apollo 10 lunar module was nicknamed "Snoopy" and the command module "Charlie Brown". While not included in the official mission logo, Charlie Brown and Snoopy became semi-official mascots for the mission, as seen here [6] and here. Schulz also drew some special mission-related artwork for NASA , and at least one regular strip related to the mission, where Charlie Brown consoles Snoopy about how the spacecraft named after him was left in lunar orbit.
A series of postage stamps featuring Snoopy as a World War I flying ace was released on May 17, 2001 in Santa Rosa, California.
Snoopy, piloting his "Sopwith Camel" (i.e. his doghouse), is featured in the logo of Charles M. Schulz - Sonoma County Airport.
Snoopy is the US Air Force Technical Control mascot. He can be seen on the Tech Control emblem holding an old analog patch cord above his head as he walks on water.
During the Gulf War Snoopy appeared as nose art on several aircraft. He remains a popular image in air forces that still allow crews to customize the appearance of their planes.
Snoopy is the name of a U.S. Air Force B-58 Hustler bomber modified to test a radar system. [7]
Snoopy is the name of the primary research vehicle of Check-Six.com Click here.
The black-and-white communications helmets that are worn as part of NASA spacesuits, carrying radio earphones and microphones, are universally known as "Snoopy caps," due to the resemblance of the white center and black outer sections to Snoopy's head.
In 1966, the "Ace" was immortalized in song by the Royal Guardsmen with their hit, Snoopy Vs. The Red Baron. This was followed in 1967 by Snoopy's Christmas, in which the two foes temporarily set aside their differences for a Christmas toast. Snoopy's Christmas continues to be played as a holiday favorite on most "oldie" radio stations.
The Silver Snoopy is a special honor, in the form of a sterling silver pin that has flown on a Shuttle mission. It is given by an astronaut to someone who works in the space program and has gone above and beyond in pursuit of quality and safety.[8]
Snoopy One and Snoopy Two are two airships owned and operated by MetLife and provide aerial coverage of American sporting events.
Contents[hide]
1 Character
2 Developments
3 Puppyhood and siblings
4 Other relationships
5 Doghouse
6 Snoopy and aviation
7 References
8 External links
//
[edit] Character
Snoopy first made his appearance on the strip on October 4, 1950, two days after the strip premiered, and was identified by name on November 10. Schulz was originally going to call him "Sniffy" (as described in 25th anniversary book, Peanuts Jubilee, (pg. 20)), until he discovered that name was used in a different comic strip. Snoopy was a silent character for the first two years of his existence, but on May 27, 1952 he verbalized his thoughts to readers for the first time via a thought balloon; Schulz would utilize this device for nearly all of the character's appearances in the strip thereafter. In addition to Snoopy's ability to "speak" his thoughts to the reader, many of the human characters in Peanuts have the uncanny knack of reading his thoughts and responding to them. In the animated Peanuts films and television specials, Snoopy's thoughts are not verbalized; his moods are instead conveyed through growls, sobs, laughter, etc., as well as through pantomime. The only exceptions are in You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown and Snoopy!!! The Musical, in which Snoopy's thoughts are verbalized through voiceovers (by Robert Towers and Cam Clarke, respectively).
October 4, 1950 - Snoopy's first appearance.
Curiously, the first time a beagle was mentioned in the strip (on December 5, 1960), Snoopy denied being one. As Snoopy dozed, Charlie Brown paraphrased Gertrude Stein: "Beagles on the grass, alas." To this, Snoopy replied, "I ain't no stupid beagle."
Many of Peanuts' memorable moments come in Snoopy's daydream as a writer: his eternal opener on the typewriter "It was a dark and stormy night..." is taken from Edward George Bulwer-Lytton's 1830 novel Paul Clifford. The contrast between Snoopy's existence in a dream world and Charlie Brown's in the real world is central to the humour and philosophy of Peanuts (see e.g. Peanuts book title Life's a dream, Charlie Brown).
Schulz summed up Snoopy's character in a 1997 interview: "He has to retreat into his fanciful world in order to survive. Otherwise, he leads kind of a dull, miserable life. I don't envy dogs the lives they have to live."[2]
[edit] Developments
One of the first odd developments of Snoopy was his tendency to engage in impersonations. His earliest impersonation was of a bird on August 9, 1951. Later (starting November 17, 1955), Snoopy engaged in dead-on imitations of Violet, a pelican, Lucy, a moose, Beethoven and Mickey Mouse. He would also pretend to be various other animals, including a snake, rhinoceros, and vulture. But his eccentricities did not stop there. On January 5, 1956, Snoopy walked on two legs like a human for the first time. This soon became so commonplace as to be almost unnoticeable, as Snoopy developed a variety of Walter Mitty-esque alter egos. Snoopy's transformation to walking to 2 feet also was accompanied by his larger snout and great body length.
Possibly his most famous alter-ego is as the World War I Flying Ace, often seen battling his arch-enemy, the Red Baron. For this, he would climb to the top of his doghouse, don goggles and a scarf, and thus fly his Sopwith Camel (the type of plane flown by Arthur "Roy" Brown, who was credited with shooting down the Red Baron in World War I, and whose surname matches that of Snoopy's owner). The Red Baron, like other adult figures in Peanuts, was never drawn in a strip; his presence was indicated through the bullet holes that would riddle the doghouse in a dogfight, and Snoopy's angry outbursts in response: "Curse you, Red Baron!" (usually accompanied by fist-shaking and a salute while his "Sopwith Camel" doghouse plummets to earth trailing smoke). In I Want a Dog for Christmas, Charlie Brown Charlie Brown's sister Sally Brown jumps on the doghouse and flies with Snoopy.
Joe Cool as depicted at the Universal Studios in Osaka, Japan
Snoopy also became "Joe Cool", as he put on sunglasses and leaned against the wall doing nothing. A song called Joe Cool was sung by Vince Guaraldi. He has also been a famous writer (who was actually published once, in an October 1995 storyline, in which one copy of his unnamed novel was written, but it failed to sell), an attorney (who once defended Peter Rabbit), a hockey player, an Olympic figure skater (who used to skate with Sonja Henie before he became "big time"), a world famous grocery checkout clerk who operated from the top of his dog house in an apron, the "Lone Beagle" (the first dog to fly solo across the Atlantic), a much rejected story writer and even the first astronaut to land on the moon. In "It's Flashbeagle, Charlie Brown", Snoopy becomes a Flash dancer named "Flashbeagle".
Outside of his fantasy life he is the shortstop for Charlie Brown's Little League team (and the best player, nearly passing Babe Ruth on the career home run list). Snoopy is also a "Beagle Scout", the Peanuts version of Eagle Scout and is the Scout leader for a troop comprised of Woodstock and his other bird friends. This Scouting theme reappears throughout the comic strip.
Snoopy loves root beer and cookies, hates coconut candy, gets claustrophobia in tall weeds, and is deathly afraid of icicles dangling over his doghouse. One of his hobbies is reading Leo Tolstoy's epic novel War and Peace at the rate of "a word a day". Snoopy also has the uncanny ability to play fetch with soap bubbles, and can hear someone eating marshmallows or cookies at a distance, or even peeling a banana. Snoopy is also capable of disappearing, like the Cheshire Cat from Alice in Wonderland, as shown in an extended strip, whenever Charlie Brown reads the book to him. ("Grins are easy. Noses are hard. Ears are almost impossible.")
He can also use his ears to fly about as a "whirlydog". Snoopy even became a canine helicopter, with Woodstock piloting. This gag appeared in the strip several times, most famously rescuing Linus from the top of a barn after being commissioned by Sally. When asked by Linus where he learned to pilot, Woodstock replied in his usual apostrophes, which Linus interpreted as meaning "'Nam".
Snoopy "understands a little French." His dog food brand is called "For Dogs who flew in World War I and understand a little French." He later was also depicted as a sergeant in the French Foreign Legion, with Woodstock and his avian friends as members of his patrol. He failed his high school geometry course, which was his excuse for not being able to follow a golf course's 90 degree golf cart driving rule.
Snoopy has his own little dance, variously known as The Beagle, the Suppertime Dance, or simply the Snoopy Dance. Most often he dances at suppertime and has broken his foot from being too excited. One strip includes a joke that he has forgotten the steps.
At least twice Snoopy climbed trees -- once to rescue Schroeder's piano and once after Frieda's cat Faron. Both times he fell out of the tree.
Every Veterans Day, Snoopy dresses as an army veteran and goes to army cartoonist Bill Mauldin's house to "quaff root beer and tell war stories".[3]
Snoopy wears contacts, as explained in a strip where he lost them.[4]
[edit] Puppyhood and siblings
Main article: Snoopy's siblings
Over the course of the strip's run, it was revealed that Snoopy had been born and raised at the Daisy Hill Puppy Farm. His father used to run with hunting dogs, but would secretly run ahead and warn the rabbits. His mother is famous for her tapioca pudding, and in a 1990s Peanuts strip, came over on a WWI-era troopship to visit Snoopy and Spike, who had been ill with the flu. Out of all his siblings, Snoopy's brother Olaf was sold last. Before they were sold, Snoopy and his brothers and sister made a band and one by one each was sold. Snoopy's original owner was a little girl named Lila, who had to return him to Daisy Hill after her family moved to an apartment where dogs were forbidden. In the film Snoopy's Reunion, Snoopy and his siblings get together at Daisy Hill Puppy Farm for a picnic, but sadly find out that it was demolished for a parking garage.
Shortly after his return to the farm, Snoopy was selected by Charlie Brown's parents as a companion for him. At one point in the series, Charlie Brown said that his parents bought Snoopy for him to cheer him up after another child threw sand in his face while they were playing in a sandbox. In the late 1970s, Snoopy embarked upon a journey to visit Daisy Hill, only to find that the puppy farm had been replaced by a five-story parking garage, causing Snoopy to wail, "You stupid people! You're parking on my memories!"
Snoopy is usually depicted as having seven siblings, five of whom appear at some point in the strip: Andy, Belle, Marbles, Olaf, and Spike. Most often seen is Spike, who lives in the desert (near the real-life locale of Needles, California) and is friends with saguaro cacti. Spike is very thin, wears a fedora and has long whiskers.
Andy looks like a disheveled version of Snoopy. Olaf, who wears a fur cap, is round in both body and face. Marbles is the smartest in the group. He has spots on his fur, wears shoes, and considers some of Snoopy's behavior very odd. Belle, who looks like Snoopy with long eyelashes, is most notable in that there was a Belle stuffed animal available for many years. Although Snoopy often mentions that he was one of eight puppies, the two other siblings never appeared in the comic strip. According to the animated special Snoopy's Reunion, they are named Molly and Rover. They all play in a country band in that special, with Snoopy on the acoustic guitar.
Many years before his siblings appeared, Snoopy referred to himself as an "only dog" who had no brothers or sisters.
[edit] Other relationships
Snoopy's owner is Charlie Brown. Early in the strip, he appeared to be a stray dog whom Charlie Brown and his friends had adopted —- or vice versa —- but eventually it became clear that he was Charlie Brown's dog. Snoopy has a fairly indifferent relationship with Charlie Brown. Charlie Brown's tormentor Lucy once demanded to know when he would be taking Snoopy to obedience classes; Snoopy wondered what would be the point, since Charlie Brown already did everything that Snoopy wanted. Snoopy almost never remembers his owner's name, usually referring to him as "that round-headed kid". Though rarely conveyed, it is clear that Snoopy does actually love Charlie Brown, or at the very least acknowledge that he is completely dependent on the boy, and in precious occasions show him genuine affection, particularly if they reunite after long partings.
His relationship with the other human characters is no more cordial than with Charlie Brown. Snoopy's deft and droll throwaway lines are an effective foil to Lucy's barbed remarks, making him less put-upon than the besieged Charlie Brown or the slightly hapless Linus. He often torments Linus by grabbing one end of the blanket, twirling Linus around and letting him go flying. On March 2, 1958, he declared himself the first dog to launch a human being. When Linus began to wear eyeglasses, Snoopy would abscond with them.
Snoopy's best friend and confidante is the undersized yellow bird Woodstock, who only "speaks" in apostrophe marks.
His arch-enemy (other than the Red Baron) is the unseen, vicious cat next door, aptly named "World War II". During one series of daily strips, Snoopy antagonized the cat each day, and the cat's paw made one giant slash move that, day by day, decimated Snoopy's freshly-rebuilt doghouse to a greater extent than the day before. In fact Snoopy reviled all cats generally, once remarking that they were "the crab grass on the lawn of life" and taking umbrage at the expression "cats and dogs", insisting that the proper expression was always "dogs and cats". Before "World War II" there was Frieda's cat "Faron" who appeared in a few strips with Snoopy. (One time to Snoopy's embarrassment he found himself "babysitting" "Faron"!)
For a while in 1977, Snoopy was engaged to an unseen female dog he met while on guard duty at Peppermint Patty's house. However, she ran off with his best man and brother Spike before the wedding had started, then eventually leaving Spike and running off with a coyote. (This story was later adapted as the animated special Snoopy's Getting Married, Charlie Brown, albeit his bride-to-be ran off with a golden retriever in the special.)
He had also been engaged to another unseen dog, a "cute little girl-beagle", who Snoopy met at an ice skating rink. In this case, Snoopy nearly got married, and even said he would hire his wife a French Poodle maid, but the girl beagle's father forbade it, saying he could never allow his daughter to marry an obedience school dropout. Snoopy was heartbroken, and tried to forget his love by eating, but for the first time, food failed him. He later saw her out surfing on the beach. Trying to impress her, he wiped out while trying to surf. Charlie Brown later told him that the last he saw her, she was running with a Golden Retriever on the beach. [5]
And, in 1971, while getting caught in the middle of a riot at the Daisy Hill Puppy Farm while making a patriotic speech, Snoopy met another unseen female dog "with soft paws", but, again, heartbreak was inevitable for Snoopy, as Charlie Brown broke the news to him that a love letter he'd sent her never got to her; she'd been sold away and therefore was no longer at the Daisy Hill Puppy Farm. Snoopy was devastated: "What do you do when the girl you love more than anything else is taken away from you and you know you're never going to see her again for as long as you live?? What do you do??" Snoopy immediately answers himself: "Back to eating!"
He is the mascot of MetLife since its name change in the 1980s. He is also featured in logos for Cedar Point and Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom, both amusement parks owned by Cedar Fair Entertainment Company.
[edit] Doghouse
On December 12, 1958, Snoopy slept on top of his doghouse, rather than inside it, for the first time. Many readers wonder what prevents Snoopy from falling off the pointy top of his dog house. One strip ascribed it to his ears, which "lock" him to the top, similar to a bird's ability to remain on a branch after falling asleep. Thereafter, Snoopy was seldom seen to venture inside the doghouse, except to retrieve something, instead spending the bulk of his time sitting or lying on its pitched roof.
Despite Snoopy's tendency to stay outside in all weather (in some cases even allowing snow to accumulate on his supine body, and wearing a snorkel when it rains, which even Charlie Brown doesn't know), a running gag establishes that the interior of Snoopy's doghouse was something extraordinary. It defied physics, being dramatically larger on the inside than the outside, with a carpeted foyer, a den, a library, a guest room, a stairway and a basement. The first indication of the doghouse's unique layout occurred on January 31, 1954 when Charlie Brown was puzzled to see all his neighbourhood friends crawling into it for a visit. The doghouse was destroyed several times over the years, being hit by a tree due to a chase over Linus' blanket (July 26, 1959), crushed by a large icicle (February 13, 1960), and finally burned to the ground (September 19, 1966). In each case the doghouse was soon rebuilt. Although individual items were lost in the fire, each replacement doghouse appears to have retained the spaciousness and opulence of its predecessor.
The interior was decorated with several pricey acquisitions including a painting by Van Gogh, first mentioned on February 29, 1964. After the fire destroyed the Van Gogh, it was replaced by an Andrew Wyeth. At various times the interior of Snoopy's doghouse also held bunk beds, a pool table, a ping pong table, a television, a mural (painted by Linus), a shower, a cedar closet, a grandfather clock, and a jacuzzi.[3]
Features established in the television specials include a fine kitchen (A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving), and sound equipment (A Boy Named Charlie Brown). In It's Magic, Charlie Brown, Snoopy enters his dog house and the underground interior is depicted as spacious and well equipped for anything he needs.
The doghouse is also used a prop for Snoopy many times, often imagined as a World War I "Sopwith Camel" fighting plane, in which Snoopy uses to do battle with the Red Baron. During his 'aerial' fights with the Baron, Snoopy's house often suffers from bullet holes and occasionally crashes. However, this seems to solely take place in Snoopy's imagination, as the house is in perfect shape later.
[edit] Snoopy and aviation
Insignia for US Air Force 3C2X1 Tech Control
Following the disastrous Apollo I fire, Snoopy became the official mascot of aerospace safety, testing and the rebuilding of the Apollo Program, due to his refusal to accept defeat and his "'outside the doghouse' way of looking at things." A series of Snoopy-in-Space ("Astrobeagle") products arrived with this campaign, and originals are still prized.
The Apollo 10 lunar module was nicknamed "Snoopy" and the command module "Charlie Brown". While not included in the official mission logo, Charlie Brown and Snoopy became semi-official mascots for the mission, as seen here [6] and here. Schulz also drew some special mission-related artwork for NASA , and at least one regular strip related to the mission, where Charlie Brown consoles Snoopy about how the spacecraft named after him was left in lunar orbit.
A series of postage stamps featuring Snoopy as a World War I flying ace was released on May 17, 2001 in Santa Rosa, California.
Snoopy, piloting his "Sopwith Camel" (i.e. his doghouse), is featured in the logo of Charles M. Schulz - Sonoma County Airport.
Snoopy is the US Air Force Technical Control mascot. He can be seen on the Tech Control emblem holding an old analog patch cord above his head as he walks on water.
During the Gulf War Snoopy appeared as nose art on several aircraft. He remains a popular image in air forces that still allow crews to customize the appearance of their planes.
Snoopy is the name of a U.S. Air Force B-58 Hustler bomber modified to test a radar system. [7]
Snoopy is the name of the primary research vehicle of Check-Six.com Click here.
The black-and-white communications helmets that are worn as part of NASA spacesuits, carrying radio earphones and microphones, are universally known as "Snoopy caps," due to the resemblance of the white center and black outer sections to Snoopy's head.
In 1966, the "Ace" was immortalized in song by the Royal Guardsmen with their hit, Snoopy Vs. The Red Baron. This was followed in 1967 by Snoopy's Christmas, in which the two foes temporarily set aside their differences for a Christmas toast. Snoopy's Christmas continues to be played as a holiday favorite on most "oldie" radio stations.
The Silver Snoopy is a special honor, in the form of a sterling silver pin that has flown on a Shuttle mission. It is given by an astronaut to someone who works in the space program and has gone above and beyond in pursuit of quality and safety.[8]
Snoopy One and Snoopy Two are two airships owned and operated by MetLife and provide aerial coverage of American sporting events.
วันจันทร์ที่ 29 ตุลาคม พ.ศ. 2550
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เราเชื่อกันว่านํ้าหอมนั้นเกิดขึ้นมานานแล้ว จากหลักฐานภาพวาดจิตรกรรม ฝาผนังตอนหนึ่งที่วิหารของพระราชินี Hatshepsut ที่เมือง Thebes ในประเทศ Egypt ที่เป็นรูปของหญิงสาวชาวอิยิปต์โบราณกำลังโชลม นํ้าหอมลงบนศรีษะ ซึ่งได้แสดงให้เห็นว่ามีการใช้นํ้าหอม กันแล้วในยุคนั้น ซึ่งคาดว่านักเดินเรือชาวอิยิปต์ได้ไปนำมาจาก ดินแดนอื่น นํ้าหอมในสมัยโบราณนั้นจะทำมาจากยางไม้หอม ซึ่งยางไม่หอมแบบนี้จะมีอยู่ที่ Arabia และ Somalia เท่านั้น คำว่า "Perfume" นี้มีรากศัพท์มาจากภาษา ละติน ที่แปลว่า "ควัน" ในกรีก (Greek) โบราณคนที่ทำนํ้าหอมนั้นจะเป็นผู้หญิง ซึ่งได้ปรับปรุง มรดกการทำนํ้าหอมที่ตกถอดมาจากชาวอียิปต์โบราณให้พัฒนาดีขึ้นไป ในช่วงเวลาของจักรวรรดิโรมัน (Roman) การทำนํ้าหอมเขาจะใช้ยางไม้หอม จากต้นไม้จำพวก Boswellia โดยสั่งนำเข้ามาจาก Arabia และได้บวกกับส่วนผสม ที่ได้มาจากทะเลจากประเทศอินเดียซึ่งเป็นส่วนผสมใหมที่ใส่ลงไปในการทำนํ้าหอม ของชาวโรมันในสมัยนั้น เศรษฐีชาวโรมันจะใช้นํ้าหอมตามความพอใจ ชนิดที่เรียกได้ว่าใช้แบบล้างผลาญ เลยก็ว่าได้ นั่นก็คือ พวกเศรษฐีเหล่านี้จะเอานํ้าหอมไปพ่นและฉีดตามพื้นและกำแพง บ้านของตัวเอง และนอกจากนี้ยังนำนํ้าหมไปฉีดให้กับสัตว์เลี้ยงของบรรดาเศรษฐี อีกด้วยไม่ว่าจะเป็น สุนัข และ ม้าแต่ก้าวสำคัญในประวัติศสาตร์ของนํ้าหอม แล้วนั้นจะเกิดขึ้นในยุคกลาง (Middle ages) เมื่อชาวอาหรับ (Arabs) ได้คิดค้นพัฒนา เทคนิคในการ กลั่นนํ้าหอมได้เป็นผลสำเร็จ พื้นที่ ขนาดใหญ่โตของอาณาจักรเปอร์เซีย ได้ทำการ ปลูกดอกกุหลาบ เพื่อที่จะนำมาสกัดเป็นนํ้าหอม เนื้อที่ที่ใช้ปลูก ดอกกุหลาบนี้ใหญ่โตมหาศาล มาก จนถึงกับมี เรื่องเล่าขานกันว่า "กรุง Baghdad" (เมืองหลวงของประเทศอิรักในปัจจุบัน) ในสมัยนั้นได้สมญานาม ที่เรียกขานกันว่า "City of Fragrances" นอกจากนี้ชาวอาหรับยังได้ค้นพบ ส่วนผสมตัวใหม่ในการทำ นํ้าหอมอีกด้วยนั่นก็คือ สารที่ได้จากตัวชะมด หรือ กลิ่น ชะมดนั่นเอง
ชาวอาหรับได้นำเจ้ากลิ่นชะมดนี้ไปผสมกับปูนขาว และพวกเขาก็นำ ปูนขาวที่ได้นี้ไปใช้สร้างสุเหร่า (Mosque) และพระราชวัง ซึ่งก็ทำให้ได้สุเหร่า และพระราชวังที่มีกลิ่นหอมไปทั่วทั้งเมือง และนี่คืออีกหนึ่งที่มาจากเรื่องเล่าถึงคำว่า "City of Fragrances" นั่นเอง
ในช่วงสมัยของ Crusaders ได้นำเครื่องหอมจาก อาหรับไปให้ชาวยุโรปได้รู้จัก แต่สำหรับก้าวแรกของนํ้าหอม ในยุโรปนั้นเริ่มจริงๆก็ในศตรวรรษที่ 16 เมื่อ แคทเธอรีน เดอ เมคิชี่ (Catherine de Medici) มาที่ประเทศ Italy เพื่อที่จะแต่งงานกับอนาคตกษัตริย์ในช่วงนั้น จากนี้ไปนํ้าหอม ก็พัฒนาไปเรื่อยๆ จนกระทั่งในต้นศตรวรรษที่ 19 ได้มีนักเคมีได้ทำการสังเคราะห์นํ้าหอมจาก สารเคมีจนได้กลิ่น ต่างๆ มากมายหลายพันกลิ่น จนกระทั่งนํ้าหอมได้กระจายไปทั่ว จนเป็นอุตสาหกรรม ขนาดใหญ่อย่างที่เห็นในปัจจุบัน Ingredients-กลิ่นน้ำหอมผู้คนส่วนใหญ่มักจะคิดว่า กลิ่นของนํ้าหอมที่ได้จากต้นไม้นั้น มักจะมาจากดอกไม้ แต่น่าประหลาดใจมาก ส่วนอื่นๆของต้นไม้นั้น เราก็นำมาใช้ทำนํ้าหอมได้ ไม่ว่าจะเป็น ลำต้น ใบไม้ เนื้อไม้ ผล เมล็ด เปลือก และ ยางไม้ นอกจากส่วนต่างๆที่กล่าวมานี้นั้น
เรามาทำความรูจักกับชนิดของต้นไม้ ที่คนปรุงนํ้าหอมเขานำมาใช้ใน การทำนํ้าหอม ที่นิยมนำมาใช้มากในอันดับต้นๆ ดังนี้
- Balsam : เป็นยางไม้หอมชนิดหนึ่ง ที่มีลักษณะคล้ายขี้ผึ้ง Balsam ที่นิยมในแวดวง การผลิตเครื่องหอม ในปัจจุบันเป็นอันดับต้นๆ ก็คือ Balsam จากประเทศ เปรู
- Bergamot : ก็คือ ต้นมะกูดนั่นเอง ส่วนของมะกูดที่ใช้สกัด ทำมํ้าหอมก็คือ บริเวณเปลือก ของลูกมะกูดนั่นเอง กิ่นหอมที่สกัดจากผิวของลูกมะกูดนี้ส่วนใหญ่ จะนำไปใช้ใน นํ้าหอมสำหรับผู้หญิง
- Frankincense :เป็นยางไม้หอมจากต้นไม้จำพวก Boswellia เจ้าต้น Boswellia เป็นต้นไม้ขนาดเล็ก ที่เจริญเติบโตทางตอนใต้ของ Arabia และ Somalia ซึ่งยางไม้ชนิดนี้ เป็นส่วนสำคัญมาก ในการทำเครื่องหอม สมัยอณาจักรโรมันโบราณ ในปัจจุบันเราใช้ Frankincense เป็นส่วนผสมของ นํ้าหอมสมัยใหม่ถึง 13%
- Galbanum :เป็นยางไม้ของ ต้นยี่หร่า จากประเทศ Iran เจ้า Galbanum จะมีกลิ่นหอม ออกไปทาง Spicy
- Jasmine : ต้นมะลิใช้เป็นส่วนผสมหลัก ของนํ้าหอมในปัจจุบันมากกว่า 80 % เป็นรองก็ แค่ดอกกุหลาบ พันธุ์ของมะลิที่นิยมใช้ในการทำนํ้หอมก็คือ มะลิจากประเทศสเปน หรือที่เรียกกันว่า Royal Jasmine ซึ่งใช้มากที่สุดในยุโรป มาตั้งแต่ศตรวรรษที่ 16 แล้ว Royal Jasmine นี้จะเป็น ส่วนผสม ในการทำนํ้าหอม ที่แพงที่สุด เพราะว่า จากมะลิ 500 ปอนด์ จะกลั่นออกมาใช้ทำนํ้าหอม ได้แค่เพียง 0.1 % เท่านั้น
- Labdanum : เป็นหยดเล็กๆ ของยางไม้จากใบของต้น Cistus ที่ขึ้นอยู่ ในตะวันออกกลาง เราใช้ยางไม้ชนิดนี้ถึง 33% ในการทำนํ้าหอมในปัจจุบัน
- Lavender : เป็นส่วนผสมหลัก ในการทำนํ้าหอมมานานแล้ว นับตั้งแต่สมัย กรีก - โรมัน โบราณ ครั้งหนึ่งในประเทศ ฝรั่งเศส เคยปลูกต้น Lavender นี้ถึง 5,000 ตัน ต่อปีมาแล้ว
- Lemon : ผิวของผลมะนาว เป็นส่วนผสมที่จำเป็น ในการทำนํ้าหอม ที่ต้องการให้ได้กลิ่นหอม ที่สดชื่น สดใส มีชีวิตชีวา
- Lily of the Valley : ในช่วงเริ่มแรกของการทำนํ้าหอมนั้น เราได้ กลิ่นหอมของดอก Lily โดยการใส่ดอก lily ลงไปในนํ้ามัน แต่ในปัจจุบัน เราใช้กรรมวิธีที่ทันสมัย โดยการสกัดเอากลิ่นหอมของ lily ออกมา ด้วยเครื่องมือที่ทันสมัย เราใช้ lily เป็นส่วนผสมในการทำนํ้าหอม ประมาณ 14 % ในปัจจุบัน
- Myrrh : เป็นยางไม้จากต้น Myrrh ซึ่งพบได้ใน Arabia, Somalia และ Ethiopia ในสมัยโบราณ เขาใช้ยางไม้ชนิดนี้ทำเป็นยาสมุนไพร และ ใช้ทำ นํ้ายา ดองศพ แต่ในปัจจุบัน นักปรุงนํ้าหอมบอกว่า คุณสมบัติที่เด่นของ Myrrh นี้คือ มันเป็นตัวช่วยให้ กลิ่นของนํ้าหอม ติดร่าางกายทนนานยิ่งขึ้น เพราะมันมีสารที่ทำให้ นํ้าหอม ระเหยไปในอากาศ ช้าลงนั่นเอง
- Neroli : ได้จากการกลั่น จากดอกของต้นส้ม ชื่อ Neroli นี้ได้มาจากในช่วง หลังศตรววรษที่ 16 โดยภรรยาของ เจ้าชายของ อิตาลีคนหนึ่ง ใช้ Neroli ผสมในนํ้า ที่เธออาบ ทำให้กลิ่นหอม นี้เริ่มเป็นที่แพร่หลายในยุโรป แต่จริงๆแล้ว Neroli เข้ามาในยุโรปนานแล้ว ตั้งแต่ศตรวรรษที่ 12 โดยชาว อาหรับเป้นผู้นำเข้ามา ในปัจจุบันใช้เป้นส่วนผสม ในการทำนํ้าหอมถึง 12%
- Oak Moss : เป็น Lichen ที่อยู่ตาม ต้นโอ๊ก ต้นสน และต้นไม้อื่นๆ ในแถบเถือกเขา ทางเหนือ ของแอฟริกา และ ยุโรป เราใช้ oak moss เป็นตัวที่ยึด กลิ่นหอมของนํ้าหอมไว้ ไม่ให้ระเหยไปเร็ว
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